Blue Angel (DE-UZ 205)
The current criteria for office devices with printing functions address VOC and particle emissions (including ultrafine particles) with clear test values and procedures.
What exactly is in toner?
Toner consists of very fine plastic powder (resins) with pigments, waxes and additives. In the printer, the powder is fused to the paper by heat & pressure—the core process of every laser printer.
Is toner toxic?
The term “toxic” is often used too broadly. Toner is not acutely toxic like, for example, harsh cleaning agents. Direct, heavy exposure to powder (e.g., refilling without protection) can cause irritation; this is generally true for fine dusts.
In normal operation of modern devices, emissions are—based on current knowledge—very low. Low-emission devices, proper placement/ventilation and regular maintenance are sensible.
Newer findings (2020–2025)
UBA test value for UFP (PER10)
The German Environment Agency (UBA) has validated and further developed the PER10 test value and the measurement methodology for ultrafine particles (UBA Texts 217/2020).
DGUV-IFA: Retrofit filters
Retrofit filters are not universally recommended; choosing low-emission devices and correct placement is more important.
State of research
Studies investigate UFP emissions and possible effects. For everyday office use, the recommendation remains: low-emission device, ventilation, maintenance.
Practical: Safe handling
When changing cartridges
- Do not inhale powder; wash hands
- Do not use compressed air to disperse toner residue
- If leaking: stop the device; carefully clean the interior
Devices & placement
- Prefer low-emission devices (e.g., with Blue Angel)
- Well-ventilated location; keep distance from the direct breathing zone
- Regular maintenance / fuser care
Refilling
- If at all: use protective gloves, and possibly a mask
- Pick up spilled powder with a damp cloth (do not stir up)
Toner spilled—how to clean it properly
- Do not use compressed air (it stirs up fine dust)
- Wipe up with a slightly damp cloth, then dispose
- If using a vacuum: only with a fine-dust / HEPA-capable filter (otherwise it disperses toner)
For heavy contamination or recurring leaks: replace the cartridge and have the interior cleaned properly.
FAQ
Can “toner dust in the air” be dangerous?
In typical office/household situations, very small amounts are measured. Most effective: a low-emission device, ventilation and maintenance.
What about ultrafine particles (UFP)?
UFP are addressed in Blue Angel testing (including PER10). Research continues; for everyday use, the measures above apply.
Do I need a retrofit filter?
Only in individual cases. First check the device/emissions; retrofit filters are not generally reliable.
Sources & further information
- BAuA: Toner dust and emissions from printers and copiers (Focus) – with PDF download
- BAuA Practical guide F43: Using printers and copiers safely at work
- Blue Angel DE-UZ 205: Award criteria for office devices with printing functions (PDF)
- UBA Texts 217/2020: Ultrafine particle emissions—PER10 test value (PDF)
- DGUV-IFA: Practical guidance on laser printers/copiers (retrofit filter assessment)
Note: Assessments vary depending on device/environment. If you have individual complaints, check the workplace/ventilation and consult a specialist if necessary.
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